Questions to consider while reading Zhuangzi:

  1. Laozi refers frequently to the sage and sagely ruler.  Who are the models of human behavior that Zhuangzi seems to admire?   How does his image of the sage differ from that of Laozi?

  2. How does Zhuangzi's conception of the Dao differ from Laozi's?

  3. How does Zhuangzi's attitude towards politics or government differ from Laozi's?

  4. Is Zhuangzi a complete relativist?  That is, is all of human knowledge and human value relative to one's limited perspective?  (See especially sections 2 and 17.)

  5. What does Zhuangzi mean by "the use [or usefulness] of the useless"?